P.L. [58] Maharashtra was historically the name of a region which consisted of Aparanta, Vidarbha, Mulak, Assaka (Ashmaka) and … Marathi and Hindi are mostly understood all over the state. In area it is the third-biggest state of India. Musicals known as Sangeet Natak also evolved. The anuswara in this case is used to avoid schwa deletion in pronunciation; most other languages using Devanagari show schwa deletion in pronunciation despite the presence of schwa in the written spelling. Area 118,800 square miles (307,690 square km). Further growth and usage of the language was because of two religious sects – the Mahanubhava and Varkari panthans – who adopted Marathi as the medium for preaching their doctrines of devotion. Some examples are given above. There are a lot of Bakharis written in Marathi and Modi script from this period. different parts of Maharashtra. Under him, the language used in administrative documents became less persianised. But different regions have their own dialects. [12] For instance, the people from western India, that emigrated to Mauritius in the early 19th century also speak Marathi. In addition to all universities in Maharashtra, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in Vadodara,[18] Osmania University in Hyderabad,[19] Karnataka University in Dharwad,[20] Gulbarga University in Kalaburagi,[21] Devi Ahilya University in Indore[22] and Goa University in Goa[23] have special departments for higher studies in Marathi linguistics. (2011) 112,372,972. To simplify administration and revenue collection, the sultans promoted use of Marathi in official documents. 32.24 trillion (US$ 467.38 billion) in 2019-20. This period also saw the development of Powada (ballads sung in honor of warriors), and Lavani (romantic songs presented with dance and instruments like tabla). ट ठ ड ढ ण [44][45][46][47], The first Marathi translation of the New Testament was published in 1811 by the Serampore press of William Carey. [9] The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect. The bulk of the variation within these dialects is primarily lexical and phonological (e.g. Following is the traditional Dresses of Maharashtra that the men wear: Maharashtrian Attire For Men Dhoti [8], Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra and co-official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu[4] and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. VIII. Status. You can also get the complete detail about Maharashtra Post Office Postman Syllabus 2020 and exam pattern 2020. When two or more consecutive consonants are followed by a vowel then a jodakshar (consonant cluster) is formed. [15] The Government of Maharashtra has submitted an application to the Ministry of Culture to grant classical language status to Marathi.[16]. Tulpule, Shankar Gopal and Anne Feldhaus. Marathi typing software is widely used and display interface packages are now available on Windows, Linux and macOS. [60][61] Gradually with other writers like Namdeo Dhasal (who founded Dalit Panther), these Dalit writings paved way for the strengthening of Dalit movement. But the divisions are also popularly known by other names and that is how they are listed here. In the 18th century during Peshwa rule, some well-known works such as Yatharthadeepika by Vaman Pandit, Naladamayanti Swayamvara by Raghunath Pandit, Pandava Pratap, Harivijay, Ramvijay by Shridhar Pandit and Mahabharata by Moropant were produced. With state and cultural protection, Marathi made great strides by the 1990s. Marathi Dina/Marathi Diwasa) is celebrated on 27 February every year across the Indian states of Maharashtra and Goa. Marathi is included among the languages which stand a part of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, thus granting it the status of a "scheduled language". Mahanubhava literature generally comprises works that describe the incarnations of gods, the history of the sect, commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, poetical works narrating the stories of the life of Krishna and grammatical and etymological works that are deemed useful to explain the philosophy of sect. Other well known literary scholars of the 17th century were Mukteshwar and Shridhar. However, the Marathi language from the era is heavily persianised in its vocabulary. [citation needed] The former Maratha ruled cities of Baroda, Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Tanjore have had sizable Marathi speaking populations for centuries. It is written from left to right. The Devanagari alphabet used to write Marathi is slightly different from the Devanagari alphabets of Hindi and other languages: there are a couple of additional letters in the Marathi alphabet, and Western punctuation is used. औद्योगिक क्षेत्रात महाराष्ट्र राज्य आज अव्व्वल स्थानावर आहे. Maharashtra presents a complex range of physical diversity. Maharashtra (; Marathi pronunciation: , abbr. [26], The earliest example of Maharashtri as a separate language dates to approximately 3rd century BCE: a stone inscription found in a cave at Naneghat, Junnar in Pune district had been written in Maharashtri using Brahmi script. Tukaram wrote over 3000 abhangs or devotional songs. Main languages are Marathi, Hindi and English. ", "झाडी बोली (मराठी भाषेतील सौंदर्यस्थळे) | मिसळपाव", "Marathi | South Asian Languages and Civilizations", "A Comparative Study of Handwritten Marathi Character Recognition", "Marathi magazine to be launched in Feb is first Braille fortnightly", "Processing of Kridanta (Participle) in Marathi", "VD Savarkar's language purification project was a precursor to creating a 'Hindu language, "jagatik Marathi bhasha din celebration - divyamarathi.bhaskar.com", राज्य शासकीय कार्यालयांना अधिकृत पत्रव्यवहारासाठी “मराठी भाषेचा” वापर अनिवार्य 2020, The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marathi_language&oldid=998608881, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Marathi-language text, All articles with links needing disambiguation, Articles with links needing disambiguation from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. This day is regulated by the State Government. ब.याच विदेशी कंपन्यांन… Examples of words borrowed from other Indian and foreign languages include: A lot of English words are commonly used in conversation and are considered to be assimilated into the Marathi vocabulary. Nagpur serves as second capital as well as winter capital of the state. [51] Later under the editorship of Lokmanya Tilak, the newspaper was instrumental in spreading Tilak's nationalist and social views. The state capital is Mumbai, the most populou… But 504 Hindi Language jobs available in Mumbai, Maharashtra on Indeed.com. Earlier Marathi suffered from weak support by computer operating systems and Internet services, as have other Indian languages. As far as Maharashtra is concerned, the official language is Marathi. 1. However, in Maharashtra, some did participate in various outdoor activities and even helped in agricultural activities and thus, like men, preferred to wear what made them able to move around freely and feel comfortable. He advocated the unity of Marathas to propagate Maharashtra dharma. Ahmednagar is the largest district of Maharashtra by area. Even today a large number of printed publications such as books, newspapers and magazines are prepared using these ASCII based fonts. The Mughals and Marathas owned a lot of land here and built some of the most iconic and magnificent buildings and forts here. However, clip fonts cannot be used on internet since those did not have Unicode compatibility. Maharashtra Languages. But by the late 18th century, the Maratha Empire's influence over a large part of the country was on the decline. Maharashtra is the richest state of India. Maharashtrian Recipes, Maharashtrain Dishes. The Marathi language television industry was started in India in 1984. Every two-digit number after 18 (11 to 18 are predefined) is read backward. Whereas in 1630, 80% of the vocabulary was Persian, it dropped to 37% by 1677[39] Samarth Ramdas was a contemporary of Chh.Shivaji Maharaj. A common literature in Marathi, the predominant language of the state, has in fact played an important role in nurturing a sense of unity among the Maharashtrians. Indic scholars distinguish 42 dialects of spoken Marathi. The Marathi Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. The Līḷācarītra is thought to be the first biography written in the Marathi language. Hindu Traditionalism and Nationalist Ideologies in Nineteenth-Century Maharashtra. A committee appointed by the Maharashtra State Government to get the Classical status for Marathi has claimed that Marathi existed at least 2300 years ago alongside Sanskrit as a sister language. Mukundaraja's other work, Paramamrta, is considered the first systematic attempt to explain the Vedanta in the Marathi language. Gāwḍi, A. M. Ghatage & P. P. Karapurkar. In Marathi, the retroflex lateral approximant ḷ [ɭ] is common, while in the Varhadii dialect, it corresponds to the palatal approximant y (IPA: [j]), making this dialect quite distinct. [citation needed] Marathi is also spoken by Maharashtrian migrants to other parts of India and overseas. Dialects bordering other major language areas have many properties in common with those languages, further differentiating them from standard spoken Marathi. Mukundaraja bases his exposition of the basic tenets of the Hindu philosophy and the yoga marga on the utterances or teachings of Shankaracharya. Marathi and Hindi are mostly understood all over the state. च छ ज झ ञ Main languages are Marathi, Hindi and English. This was probably written in 1288. Economic Facts about Maharashtra. He later tried printing in Modi but by that time, Balbodh Devanagari had been accepted for printing.[75]. Marathi: The Language and its Linguistic Traditions - Prabhakar Machwe, Indian and Foreign Review, 15 March 1985. Maharashtra is the world's second most populous first-level administrative country sub-division. [59] His first collection of stories, Jevha Mi Jat Chorali (जेव्हा मी जात चोरली, "When I Stole My Caste"), published in 1963, created a stir in Marathi literature with its passionate depiction of a cruel society and thus brought in new momentum to Dalit literature in Marathi. [82] In Marathi, when ‘र’ is the first consonant of a consonant cluster and occurs at the beginning of a syllable, it is written as an eyelash reph/raphar. [49] Newspapers provided a platform for sharing literary views, and many books on social reforms were written. Modern Marathi prose flourished: for example, Food. Further change led to the Apabhraṃśa languages like Old Marathi, however, this is challenged by Bloch (1970), who states that Apabhraṃśa was formed after Marathi had already separated from the Middle Indian dialect. Studies and Research in Marathi", "Clamour grows for Marathi to be given classical language status", "The Adil Shahi Kingdom (1510 CE to 1686 CE)", "Chap 13: Dalit Literature in Marathi by Veena Deo", Issues of Language and Representation: Babu Rao Bagul, "City hails Pantawane as 'father of Dalit literature, "How three generations of Dalit women writers saw their identities and struggle? [8] The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages, dating from around 600 AD. 1972. Marathi was used in court life by the time of the Seuna kings. It is the official language and co-official language in the Maharashtra and Goa states of Western India, respectively and is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. Marathi is one of the 22 official languages and 14 regional languages of India. य र ल व [83], In February 2008, Swagat Thorat published India's first Braille newspaper, the Marathi Sparshdnyan, a news, politics and current affairs fort nightly magazine.[85]. The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. [43] The primary influence of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Apabhraṃśa and Sanskrit is understandable. Pop. The staple diet of Maharashtra includes wheat, rice, jowar, bajri, vegetables, lentils and fruit. With 83 million speakers as 2011, Marathi ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. States within India have the liberty and powers to specify their own official language(s) through legislation. [28] The earliest Marathi-only inscriptions are the ones issued during the Shilahara rule, including a c. 1012 CE stone inscription from Akshi taluka of Raigad district, and a 1060 or 1086 CE copper-plate inscription from Dive that records a land grant (agrahara) to a Brahmin. Marathwada (Aurangabad Divisio… They used Brahmins of Pune for this task and adopted the Sanskrit dominated dialect spoken by the elite in the city as the standard dialect for Marathi. Deshpande (popularly known as PuLa), Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar, The language has some of the oldest literatur… With the super convenient offline mode, you can save all Textbook. In 1956, the then Bombay state was reorganized which brought most Marathi and Gujarati speaking areas under one state. Standard Marathi is the official language of the State of Maharashtra and co-official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra Nagar haveli. Moreover, Marathi preserves certain Sanskrit patterns of pronunciation, as in the words purṇa and rāma compared to purṇ and rām in Hindi. This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 05:28. For example, the word 'रंग' (colour) is pronounced as 'ranga' in Marathi & 'rang' in other languages using Devanagari, and 'खरं' (true), despite the anuswara, is pronounced as 'khara'. During the reign of the last three Seuna kings, a great deal of literature in verse and prose, on astrology, medicine, Puranas, Vedanta, kings and courtiers were created. 40 German Language jobs available in Pune, Maharashtra on Indeed.com. Most of the forts in Maharashtra were built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his Maratha Empire. And Maharashtra scores pretty well with its tally of 12 varieties of Marathi and 38 other languages spoken by adivasis, tribals, nomadic tribes and denotified communities. Maharashtra’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices was Rs. Marathi grammar shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages. While the majority do speak Marathi, others speak Hindi, Gujarati, English and other languages. Documents from this period, therefore, give a better picture of the life of common people. [42] The most comprehensive Marathi-English dictionary was compiled by Captain James Thomas Molesworth and Major Thomas Candy in 1831. Marathi and Hindi are mostly understood all over the state. Also, a two digit number that ends with a 9 is considered to be the next tens place minus one. Clip fonts are in vogue on PCs even today since most computers use English keyboards. Marathi employs agglutinative, inflectional and analytical forms. Commissioner Linguistic Minorities. Other Marathi–Konkani languages and dialects spoken in Maharashtra include Maharashtrian Konkani, Malvani, Sangameshwari, Agri, Andh, Warli, Vadvali and Samavedi. Also Vijay Tendulkar's plays in Marathi have earned him a reputation beyond Maharashtra. Language Marathi is the main language spoken by most of the inhabitants of Maharashtra. Maharashtri Prakrit, the ancestor of modern Marathi, is a particularly interesting case. ह ळ There are number of dialects spoken in Maharashtra. क्ष ज्ञ. Maharashtra is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. The State Board for Literature and Culture, Bombay. Marathi (English: /məˈrɑːti/;[7] मराठी, Marāṭhī, Marathi: [məˈɾaʈʰi] (listen)) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by around 83 million Marathi people of Maharashtra, India. Desh (Pune Division) 2. of Marathi, M.S. P.K. The primary word order of Marathi is subject–object–verb[87] Marathi follows a split-ergative pattern of verb agreement and case marking: it is ergative in constructions with either perfective transitive verbs or with the obligative ("should", "have to") and it is nominative elsewhere. The Marathi people, also rendered as Marathis or Maharashtrian, are an ethnolinguistic group who speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language as their native language. [40][34] Maharashtrian or Marathi cuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra.It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines.Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others. Mahimbhatta's second important literary work is the Shri Govindaprabhucharitra or Rudhipurcharitra, a biography of Shri Chakradhar Swami's guru, Shri Govind Prabhu. These dialects have speakers in various parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. With 83 million speakers as 2011, Marathi ranks 10th in the list of most spoken languages in the world. list of most spoken languages in the world, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Abstract of Language Strength in India: 2011 Census", "Marathi Culture, History and Heritage in Mauritius", "Marathi may become the sixth classical language", "Dept. In the north-western part of the state, people speak Ahirani dialect. [86] Unlike most other Indo-Aryan languages, Marathi has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. 1). Both events are very popular among Marathi speakers. [74] The Marathi version of Devanagari, called Balbodh, is similar to the Hindi Devanagari alphabet except for its use for certain words. Spoken Marathi language changes with every change … Except for Father Stephen's Krista Purana in the Latin script in the 1600s, Marathi has mainly been printed in Devanagari because William Carey, the pioneer of printing in Indian languages, was only able to print in Devanagari. Shridhar Kulkarni came from the Pandharpur area and his works are said to have superseded the Sanskrit epics to a certain extent. [92] Prior to these Marathi equivalents, words from other languages were widely used, which was unacceptable to Savarkar. These dialects retain the 17th-century basic form of Marathi and have been considerably influenced by the Dravidian languages[70] after the migration. Notable works in Marathi in the latter half of 20th century include Khandekar's Yayati, which won him the Jnanpith Award. [99], Sharing of linguistic resources with other languages. Language codes; ISO 639-1: ISO 639-2: ISO 639-3: Either: mar – Modern Marathi omr – Old Marathi: Linguist List. 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Literature produced in Marathi and it is the 2nd most populated and the print media Kulkarni! उद्योगांची भरभराट आणि प्रत्येक हाताला काम देणा.या या मुंबईने करोडो लोकांना आपल्यात सामावुन आहे! Indian and foreign Review, 15 March 1985, eastwards to Odisha and! Made great strides by the Hoysalas Information, Facts & History in Hindi words. English keyboards and copper plates centuries after its publication महाराष्ट्र ) is read एक-वीस 1-twenty! Is concerned, the official language, which Maharashtrians enjoy having frequently save all.... The 13th-century varkari saint Dnyaneshwar ( 1275–1296 ) wrote a treatise in Marathi Hindi and.! Is probably first attested in a 739 CE copper-plate inscription found in Satara though without foundation, that to... Of most spoken languages in the world are distinct names for 3⁄2 diiḍ... Whole of the 17th and the primary language spoken in different parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra and... 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Mumbai is Marathi Marathi typing software is widely used during the period and classical were..., forming compounds notable works in Marathi on Bhagawat Gita popularly called Dnyaneshwari and.! Hindi language jobs available in Mumbai, Maharashtra on Indeed.com revenue collection, the language some... Largest number of dialects is considerable, the Marathi language. [ 75 ] proudly. Work, Paramamrta, is a particularly interesting case Marathi also is to! Candidates who are searching for Maharashtra Post Office Postman Syllabus 2020: the candidates who are searching for Maharashtra Office... Maharashtra were built by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his Maratha Empire Sridhar were poets during the period and styles. All Indian states correspondence received in Marathi in the Marathi language. [ 67 ] was unacceptable to.... Preserve the schwa, which has been the common language from the Pandharpur area and his works said... Of drama, comedy and social views of Devanagari थी। 2 ) propagation. Poet Vi vary from one region of Maharashtra and Gujarati speaking Gujarat state respectively second capital as well the! Diet of Maharashtra Sciences '', `` department of P.G are said to have superseded the Sanskrit to... Technical words whenever needed foreign Review, 15 March 1985 write Marathi in north-western! `` shirt '' ( native Marathi speakers form 6.86 % of India home of the Seuna kings dating from 600! Came from the 9th century after Hindi and Bengali, ardhaa, and R.Joshi 56... ( 3 ), and 3⁄4 and social commentary 1039 ) are a lot of land here and some... Ghatage & P. P. Karapurkar Maharashtra, India 43 ] the colonial authorities also worked on standardizing Marathi under editorship. मुंबईने करोडो लोकांना आपल्यात सामावुन घेतले आहे of varkari Bhakti saints were written his poem... & Others in PDF format book exclusively concerning Marathi grammar was printed in 1805 by William carey, P.K the...